Linux
Fedora 11 (LEONIDAS) gets ready to hit the road by end of May
May 8th
The upcoming Fedora 11 release, named Leonidas, is scheduled to be released towards end of May. This release comes up with all latest versions of desktops like KDE, GNOME, XFCE and popular applications like Firefox, OpenOffice.org etc. The following are the notable features in this release.
- EXT4 as default file system
- KDE 4.2, GNOME 2.26, Xfce 4.6, OpenOffice.org 3.1.0, Firefox 3.1, Thunderbord 3
- Improvement in time taken for start up and shut down (20 sec start up)
- Simplified volume control
- Native Windows cross compiler
How to get a shell with root access in Ubuntu similar to “su” in RedHat or Fedora Linux
May 8th
In RedHat or Fedora systems, you will separate passwords and separate user accounts for root and non-root user.
But in Ubuntu, the default user already has root privileges but not allowed to run any command that requires root privileges directly. Instead the user needs to use “sudo” command to invoke any command that requires root privileges. However this is little bit inconvenient if one (especially a RedHat/Fedora user who is used to “su” command) is sick of “sudo” command and wants a full shell access with root privileges.
In Ubuntu, you need to provide self password whenever “sudo” command prompts for password.
There More >
How to enable auto login for SSH
Apr 23rd
This article assumes that the host name of server is “server1.techpulp.com” and that of client machine is “client1.techpulp.com“. You can replace these with your own domain names or IP addresses to suit your needs.
Login to the server system to which you would like password-less login.
[neo@client1 ~]$ ssh neo@server1.techpulp.com neo@server1.techpulp.com's password: [neo@server1 ~]$
Generate a RSA key pair in the server as shown below. Just press ENTER key when it prompts for passphrase. The following example may be exactly as shown below and may vary based on the version of ssh-keygen present in your server system. But it prompts you for same input More >
How to safely remove a file that contains sensitive data in Linux
Apr 16th
Typically a file removal operation, in Linux or any other operating system, doesn’t actually erase all contents of the file. Though the file is logically deleted and doesn’t appear to the be present, its contents still present in the hard drive. Any raw disk reading software or a data recovery tools can detect such contents to gain access to sensitive information such as passwords, credit card numbers etc.
Let us assume that you have stored your passwords and credit card numbers in a plain text file, even once temporarily. It is always wise to overwrite the file contents many a times More >
How to access files in Linux partitions from Microsoft Windows
Mar 19th
Microsoft Windows doesn’t recognize Linux partitions and doesn’t provide any file system drivers for accessing Linux partitions with EXT2/EXT3 file systems. However there are some open source tools which can be used for this purpose.
Explore2fsThe best and safest way to access files in Linux (EXT2) partitions in Microsoft Windows operating system is to use Explore2fs software. This tool works much like Windows Explorer and pretty easy to use. This provides you read-only access to all Linux partitions present on all hard drives in your system. On the left pane it shows you the recognized Linux partitions along with directory structure More >
How to create a patch file in Linux using diff command
Mar 13th
Patch files describe the differences between two versions of same project and it is the favourite way of exchanging differences among developers. Patch files come in handy when the project is huge and exchanging whole source code is not so convenient. If you observe the download section of open source projects like Linux kernel, you will find patches for other versions based on a base version. That means if I had already downloaded sources of 2.6.0 version kernel sources and if I want 2.6.1 sources, I would rather download the patch file instead of downloading whole 2.6.1 source code.
Any Linux More >
How to kill a process in Unix/Linux
Mar 4th
There are multiple commands supported in UNIX/Linux to kill a process. The most-used command is “kill” command which expects PID of the process which can be retrieved from the output of “ps” command.
To kill a process named httpd, first search for the process in the output of “ps” command and use the PID to kill it.
[neo@techpulp ~]# ps -e | grep kcalc 3482 ? 00:00:00 kcalc [neo@techpulp ~]# kill 3482 [neo@techpulp ~]# ps -e | grep kcalc [neo@techpulp ~]#
If the process is not killed using the above command and if you want to terminate the process for sure, you can use “kill -9″ which More >
How to use “diff” utility effectively
Mar 4th
The command line tool “diff” helps you find differences between two files or directories. It also can report the differences between two directories including all files and sub directories recursively.
Compute differences between two files:
[neo@techpulp ~]# diff animals1.txt animals2.txt 4a5 > crane 8,9d8 < tiger < panda 16c15 < lion --- > lion roars [neo@techpulp ~]#
Whatever starts with “<” is the change in first file and whatever starts with “>” is the change in second file.
Compute differences between two files but ignore white spaces and blank lines:
[neo@techpulp ~]# diff -b -B animals1.txt animals2.txt
Compute differences between two directories:
[neo@techpulp ~]# diff dir1 dir2
Compute More >
How to find if two binary files differ or not
Mar 4th
The standard “diff” command can be used to find if two binary files differ from each other or not. The following example shows how to do it.
[neo@techpulp ~]# diff file1.bin file2.bin Binary files file1.bin and file2.bin differ [neo@techpulp ~]#
Another way to find that out is to compute MD5 digest on both files and see if they match. MD5 is an cryptographic algorithm which computes an unique digest for each file. The both files are same if the MD5 digests of both files match and otherwise they differ. The “md5sum” command can be used to compute MD5 digest.
[neo@techpulp ~]# md5sum file1.bin file2.bin 4714b62a51a4057fa73a1ded36b75143 More >
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